All that Hamlet has Gone Through - 887 Words

Hamlet is a character which has gone through a lot.Throughout the play it is not sure if he has gone insane or if he is just truly pretending to be. Needless to say he went through some things that could make anyone go insane. In such a short amount of time his life turned upside down. His dad died, which by itself can make anyone go crazy. To make matters worse shortly after his dad dies, his mom decides to marry his uncle. His uncle who becomes king after he murders Hamlets dad. Although Hamlet does do many things that would make you think he is insane, acting insane is just part of his plan. During the play Hamlet consistently see’s the ghost of his father. Hamlet is the only one who talks to the ghost. This would lead you to believe he has gone insane. However Hamlet wasn’t the only one who saw the ghost. Horatio also saw the ghost, he was the one who told Hamlet in the first place that he had seen the ghost of his dead father. In one part of the play when Hamlet is talking to his mom, the queen. Hamlet sees the ghost coming in he wants his mother to see the ghost. â€Å"His form and cause conjoin’d, preaching the stones, Would make them capable†(Act 3, Scene 4.) His mother see’s nothing and just believes Hamlet has gone insane. However one must ask himself this question, why would the ghost talk to anyone else but Hamlet? The ghost has absolutely no need to talk to anyone else. He wants Hamlet to avenge him, but he also wants Hamlet to remain safe. Everyone else is nowShow MoreRelatedThe Ghost Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare929 Wor ds   |  4 PagesIn William Shakespeare s Hamlet, the ghost appears very little but causes Hamlet to think abnormally and act unlike his normal self. He is accused of madness and hallucinating in one scene, and it can be traced back to the ghost causing it. By only speaking to Hamlet throughout the play, the ghost presence is not always clear, and it makes other characters think Hamlet has gone crazy. Even though the ghost only appears twice to speak with Hamlet, each visit significantly affects him. ThroughoutRead MoreUnderstanding Existentialism Essay864 Words   |  4 Pagesthe meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility. Hamlet is an existentialist character who believes that he is forced to avenge his father’s death and the hatred builds in his heart because of the many betrayals which direct him towards a senseless life and constant thoughts about suicide; this ultimately leads to his demise and he is left with naught. The narrator from â€Å"Things that Fly† has obviously gone through some sort of abandonment which has affected him negativelyRead MoreHamlets Sanity Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet In the story of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, Hamlet’s sanity is questioned because of the relationships he had with other characters in the story. Hamlet’s relationship with the other characters did not all start off bad. Gertrude was his mother, Ophelia is the woman that he loved, and Claudius was his stepfather. Eventually over time all of them started a conflict. Hamlet didn’t just have problems with them, he had problems with himself. The problems were internally and externally withRead MoreHamlets Relationship With His Parents Essay882 Words   |  4 Pagesyou get through it and make you feel loved. If you do not have someone there to help you through this time, you often turn to other things like acting crazy and wanting to take your own life because you feel as if you are not loved and you want to get rid of the pain. Hamlet loved his father and his death took a big part of his life away from him. His mother, Gertrude, needed to spend time with him, to show him he was loved and someone cared about him. Gertrude was not there for Hamlet the wayRead MoreThe Mental Illness Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthe play Hamlet, Shakespeare reveals that suicide is caused by mental illness and trauma, as exemplified by Hamlet’s musing about suicide and Ophelia’s actual suicide. Hamlet experiences traumatic events during his early adulthood such as: the death of his father, finding out his uncle murdered his father, and then his mother and uncle’s marriage. These events eventually lead Hamlet to go insane. King Hamlet died unexpectedly which caused young Hamlet excessive grief and depression. Hamlet is beingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet : The Mystery Of Death Or Impossibility Of Certainty Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe idea of madness in Shakespeare’s Hamlet is just as important of a theme as the mystery of death or the impossibility of certainty. Shakespeare uses the aspect of madness to delve into the issues of knowledge, and lack thereof. There are three apt examples which help explain on a deeper level how the issues of knowledge are represented in the madness of Hamlet, and also Ophelia. Firstly, Hamlet and the vast amount of knowledge he acquires, becomes uncertain and contradictory which inevitably leadsRead MoreRevenge And Betrayal In Hamlet1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe play, Hamlet by William Shakespeare, surrounds the central idea of revenge and betrayal. Revenge drives the characters and determines their actions throughout the play, which results in several instances of betrayal. With revenge, the friendship and loyalty of characters are tested and conflicts are established between characters. Hamlet’s father, the king of Denmark, was helplessly poisoned by his own brother, Claudius. Hamlet, the protagonist, becomes aware of his father’s death and finds himselfRead MoreHamlet, A Feminist Lens890 Words   |  4 Pages Hamlet Through A Feminist Lens Hamlet can be viewed through a feminist lens by focusing on Ophelia and Gertrude and how various other male characters treat them. Ophelia and Gertrude are dismissed as characters through the entire play because they are women. Hamlet refers to women as â€Å"frailty,† implying that they are weak and are dependent on men. Reason suggests that with out the males, Ophelia and Gertrude would simply have no story. Within the first scene of Hamlet the reader discoversRead More Hamlets Transformation from Good to Evil in Shakespeares Hamlet833 Words   |  4 PagesGood to Evil in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet’s transforms from good to evil in the play Hamlet by Shakespeare. Hamlet experiences a lot of pain and becomes very anger because of his father’s death, his mother’s bad remarriage, and the loss of his only love, Ophelia. The losses that Hamlet has to deal with are the anger and lack of forgiveness build in himself. This allows Hamlet’s true thoughts and character to be revealed through his soliloquies. First, Hamlet reveals his wishes that heRead MoreHamlets Relationships1690 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeares Hamlet, the character of Hamlet has many relationships with all characters. The theme human relationships is very strong in this play. A human relationship is a logical or natural association between two or more people. Hamlet has many of these associations with King Hamlets Ghost, Gertrude, Claudius, Ophelia, Polonius, Horatio, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Many of his relationships are just and unjust according to the characters flaws and feelings. The ghost of King Hamlet played

The Nature of Duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and...

The Nature of Duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde It has long been debated that there are two sides to the human mind. Many philosophers have stressed on the fact that human beings are dual creatures’. There is the duality of good and evil, right and wrong, joy and despair. There always is the desire to do something which is against the society, against the laws, although this varies from person to person. Robert Stevenson brings the possibility of another self in one person to life in his creation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. His novel is a rich tale of the duality of mankind. We all have a split personality in a sense, we have two sides to us: right and wrong. There is a Mr. Hyde in all of us: anger,†¦show more content†¦He was a typical Victorian gentleman and is described as a ‘smooth-faced’ and ‘well made man’. He wanted good reputation and was regarded by everyone as a true gentleman. But deep inside him, he had the desire to do what he wanted, to go against the rigid rules of the society. Jekyll wanted to fulfil his desires but at the same time he wanted freedom from punishment; freedom from a tainted reputation. The wish to fulfil his secret desires without losing his status and reputation was his ultimate goal. Thus Jekyll ended up creating Hyde, which was another identity of his own and he achieved this with the help of the ‘transforming draught’. Jekyll is a mixture of good and evil but Hyde is pure evil. Everyone Hyde meets is repulsed by his appearance. The physical description of both is very contradictory as well. While Jekyll was a ‘large, well-made’ and a ‘smooth-faced’ man, Hyde was ‘dwarfish’ and ‘hardly human’. In the beginning, Hyde is shown to be small in stature but as time passes, Hyde increases in size as the evil in Jekyll overcomes the good. The two of them had more of a father/son relationship. Jekyll had known all along that by his experimenting, he was putting his life in danger and ‘risked death’. But at the same time, he was also excited by his discovery, which made him enjoy life to the fullest without the burden of responsibilities. ‘The temptation of a discovery so singular and profound at last overcame theShow MoreRelatedStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 778 Words   |  3 PagesThis may be why the controversial issue of the duality of human nature has been found at the heart of many Victorian works. The theme of the duality of man can be found in the works of two famous English authors, Robert Louis Stevenson and Joseph Conrad. Stevenson and Conrad both incorporate the them e of the duality of human nature within their own novellas. Stevenson employs this theme throughout his novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and similarly Conrad employs this theme throughoutRead MoreJekyll And Hyde Character Analysis968 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, explores the duality of human nature. He writes this novel to show us that humans have split personalities, and that there are two sides to human’s personality: good and evil. In the late-Victorian literature, duality appears to be a common theme; serving as a way for modern readers to analyze late-Victorian literature and culture. Stevenson weaves throughout the novel a theme of duality + which appears in the characters of both Jekyll and Hyde as wellRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Duality Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesIn literature, duality is anything that has two sides, mostly dealing with good and evil. Duality plays an important role in showing who the char acters are and how the story occurs in many different books. Books in which duality plays a prominent role include Dr. Jekyll and Mrs.Hyde, Romeo and Juliet, and the Bible. Duality exists throughout the play Romeo and Juliet. The things characters say, the characters, and actions of the characters are ways duality exists in the play. For example,Read MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 680 Words   |  3 Pagesdevice of personification is found in both The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Heart of Darkness. This literary device is shown to further demonstrate the theme, the duality in human nature. Personification is defined as the ascription of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of a theoretical quality in human form. Stevenson uses personification to figuratively make London come alive. Mr. Utterson comments on the scenery by saying: â€Å"theRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pages Nia Givens The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde Christianity was very important in Victorian London. The concept of the duality of good and evil that was taught in the story of the Garden of Eden was widely used in Victorian literature. â€Å"Duality, humorously and simply stated, is the split of one into two, while still existing as one.† (Lopez). Duality is a theme found throughout Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde’. Most of the story is related in the thirdRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Where Dr. Jekyll 1163 Words   |  5 Pages(Aronson 2) Being from Edinburgh, Stevenson was surrounded with the well-known tales of the past and a history of duality in his hometown. Deacon Brodie and Dr. Knox were both from Edinburgh and both lived â€Å"double-lives†, this undoubtedly had a major impact upon Stevenson’s imagination and later his writings. (Stefan 5) â€Å"While growing up Stevenson had a friend and the son of Sir James Simpson, the developer of medical anesthesia, the two friends would â€Å"experiment† with chloroform, for the enjoymentRead MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 949 Words   |  4 PagesConrad also employs the literary device of symbolism to further display the theme, the duality of human nature in his novella Heart of Darkness. Three major examples of symbolism are evident in this novella. These examples include, light and dark, the Congo River, and ivory. Similar to Stevenson, Conrad uses light and dark symbolism throughout his novella. Yet curiously in Heart of Darkness, light does not symbolize genuine goodness nor does dark symbolize pure calamity. Marlow proves this when heRead MoreEssay on The Out of Control Alter Ego1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe story â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson conveys the theme of duality in nature in wh ich man is fighting himself, or in this case, another version of himself. Being a psychology major, it is interesting to see a case this serious over how an alter ego can control the main psyche up to the point where it no longer conveys influence, but instead manipulation. In order to understand the control an alter ego can eventually have on the individual, it is importantRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreInfluence of Science and Religion on The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde689 Words   |  3 PagesThe novella, ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ was written by Robert Louis Stevenson in 1886. The author was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1850. His family included engineers, scientists, a professor of philosophy, and a religious minister. The scientific and religious sides of Stevensons family reflected in both his personal life and in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (disap proval between Dr Lanyon and Dr Jekyll). In 1859 Charles Darwin published his famous book called the ‘Origin of Species’

Critical study of the parametric model development process Free Essays

string(92) " but the configuration management and long-term maintenance issues still must be addressed\." Abstract: Complex parametric models may consist of many interrelated cost estimating relationships (CERs), as well as other equations, ground rules, assumptions, and variables that describe and define the situation being studied. Models generate estimates based upon certain input parameters, or cost drivers. Parametric models can generally be classified as commercial or company-developed. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical study of the parametric model development process or any similar topic only for you Order Now This review provides practical information about developing, deploying, and maintaining company-developed parametric models. Company-developed models – also referred to as company-owned, in-house, or proprietary models – differ from cost estimating relationships (CERs) because of their higher level of complexity, and the range of costs they estimate. Commercial parametric estimating models, available in the public domain, use generic algorithms and estimating methods which are based on a database that contains a broad spectrum of industry-wide data. Unlike commercial models, company-developed models are designed for the specific estimating needs of an organization or to describe a particular product. A proprietary model offers an alternative to trying to use a commercial model to meet an organization’s unique estimating requirements. JEL classification: C50, C51 Key words: equation, parameter, parametric model, commercial model, proprietary model 1. Introduction A parametric cost model can be viewed as the collection of databases, cost estimating relationships (CERs) [1], cost factors and algorithms, which together are used to estimate the costs of a system and its components. A parametric cost model uses known values to estimate unknown ones. Industry use parametric models to support conceptual estimating, design-to-cost analyses, life-cycle cost estimates, risk analyses, budget planning and analyses. Parametric models can also be used as the basis of a cost estimate in preparation of firm business proposals, or in the independent assessment of cost estimates prepared using a traditional estimating approach. Models generate estimates based upon certain input parameters, or cost drivers. Parameters â€Å"drive the cost† of the end product or service being estimated. Some examples are weight, size, efficiency, quantity, and time. Some models can develop estimates with only a limited set of descriptive program inputs; others, however, require the user to provide many detailed input values before the model can compute a total cost estimate. A model can utilize a mix of estimating methods, and it may allow as inputs estimates from other pricing models (or information systems) or quotes from external sources, such as subcontracts. Several companies implemented commercial parametric estimating hardware models, which can rapidly compute development and design costs, manufacturing costs of prototypes, and production unit/manufacturing support costs. Commercial parametric estimating models use generic algorithms and estimating methods which are based on a database that contains a broad spectrum of industry-wide data. Because this data encompasses many different products, a company working with a commercial parametric model must calibrate it before using it as a base of estimate for proposals submitted to the higher-tier contractors. Calibration tailors the commercial model so it reflects the products, estimating environment, and business culture of that particular company. A proprietary model offers an alternative to trying to use a commercial model to meet an organization’s unique estimating requirements. Proprietary models are developed for an organization’s own product and cost estimating needs and are, in effect, self-calibrated. Proprietary models can be implemented for a variety of estimating purposes, and have a wide range of complexity, completeness, and application. 2. The Proprietary Model Development Process The major activities involved in developing a proprietary model are: Step 1: Identifying the Parametric Model Opportunity One of the most critical steps in the proprietary model development process is the identification of a good opportunity for implementing a parametric model. This involves two points. First, it is important to investigate the feasibility of developing the model, which entails an evaluation of both its technical feasibility and cost effectiveness. Technical feasibility refers to the ability of the model to meet the estimating needs of the organization, and examines whether the organization has the resources to develop the model within a reasonable timeframe. This includes performing a cost-benefit analysis to decide whether a proprietary model would be cost-effective to implement and maintain. All potential benefits should be considered in the cost-benefit analysis; for example, contractors have achieved significant savings in proposal preparation, evaluation, and negotiation through the implementation of proprietary parametric estimating models. Other contractors have achieved additio nal benefits through multiple applications of the same model, such as for design studies, target costing, and contract risk management as well as basic estimating. The second critical point involves gaining the support of internal upper-level (including program) management and key customer management. If the model then meets the acceptance criteria provided by these groups, they agree to support its proper application in subsequent proposals. Little good comes from implementing a proprietary model if there is no internal management buy-in, or no support from the key customers on the estimating technique. Also, the firm’s management will want to understand the results of the feasibility study so it can properly assess the financial investment required to support model development and on-going maintenance activities, such as training, model enhancements, and software corrections. On receiving approval to begin development from internal and external management, the contractor establishes an implementation team to guide the creation of a valid proprietary model. This team should include representatives from the company and key customers. Step 2: Information Systems Needs When implementing a proprietary model, the organization should commit and obtain the necessary resources for information systems development and support activities. Information systems support is required for a variety of functions: – defining the formal system requirements needed to support the cost estimating model (e.g., hardware, software, interfaces with other systems); – testing the model to ensure it adequately satisfies all end-user requirements; – maintaining the integrity of the model throughout its life span by establishing procedures to manage and control all changes (i.e., configuration management); – providing software support services once the model is deployed to keep it operational (e.g., corrections, revisions, miscellaneous enhancements). When simpler models are implemented (e.g., spreadsheet models), the degree of support is smaller, but the configuration management and long-term maintenance issues still must be addressed. You read "Critical study of the parametric model development process" in category "Essay examples" Step 3: Data Collection and Analysis Historical costs should be used, with the development team ensuring that they are relevant to the firm’s current operating procedures. In an effort to include as much relevant cost data as possible, analysts normalize it as it is incorporated into the database [2]. They adjust data so it is as homogeneous as possible (e.g., similar in content, time value of money, quantity), and does not contain anomalies. Programmatic, noncost data may also require normalization. The analyst must assess the condition of each program’s data and make appropriate adjustments as required. When developing a model, the team identifies the main characteristics, called the primary cost drivers, that are responsible for, and have the greatest impact on, the product or services cost to be estimated. Step 4: Model Development The development of a proprietary model incorporates many anticipated uses and goals – such as estimating/users’ requirements, availability of credible data, life-cycle costs, systems engineering costs, forward pricing rates – and it must integrate these into the parametric estimating approach. The modeling process, in particular, focuses on these tasks: – specifying the estimating methods for accomplishing the estimating goals; -identifying the job functions and other elements of cost that will be estimated; – defining data input structures; Proprietary models may contain a number of different estimating techniques. Step 5: Calibration and Validation Parametric models are calibrated and validated before they are used to develop estimates for proposals. Since proprietary models are based on an organization’s historical data, they are considered to be self-calibrated. Validation is the process, or act, of demonstrating the proprietary model’s ability to function as a credible estimating tool [3]. Validation ensures: – estimating system policies and procedures are established and enforced; – key personnel have proper experience and are adequately trained; – proper information system controls are established to monitor system development and maintenance activities in order to ensure the model’s continued integrity; – the model is a good predictor of costs. Models should be validated and periodically updated to ensure they are based on current, accurate, and complete data, and that they remain good cost predictors. The purpose of validation is the demonstration of a model’s ability to reliably predict costs. This can be done in a number of ways. For example, if a company has sufficient historical data, data points can be withheld from the model building process and then used as test points to assess the model’s estimating accuracy. Unfortunately, data sets available are often extremely small, and withholding a few points from the model’s development may affect the precision of its parameters. This trade-off between accuracy and testability is an issue model developers always consider. When sufficient historical data are not available for testing, accuracy assessments can be performed using other techniques. Another testing methodology compares a commercial program’s final cost to the proprietary model’s estimate of it. However, it may be months, or years, before this approach can be applied to a given program. The model team may use this method when a program is near completion, or is at a point where a meaningful earned value performance index for it can be determined. Step 6: Estimating System Policies and Procedures After validation, the company must modify its estimating system policies and procedures to explain the appropriate use and application of the model for reviewers and company users. In particular, the model’s developers need to document its proper use as a valid bidding tool. Companies should also explain the model’s design, development, and use. For example, the contractor, as part of its support for the follow-on production model and estimating tool, developed a detailed manual containing information about the mechanics of the model, its estimating methodologies, and the timing of updates. The company also amended its Estimating System Manual to include a section on the model, and to refer the reader to the model’s own manual. Step 7: Internal Approval Process Model developers need to assure company representatives that the model relies on the firm’s historical data and, therefore, captures how the company executed similar projects in the past. Any departmental budget allocations produced by the model should reflect the average budgetary split the firm has historically experienced. Developers should also consider the fact that a model, if approved, might change the way the company anticipates executing an existing (or planned) program (e.g., the project director may need to shift work and modify the budget). This obviously affects the circumstances under which other company personnel would approve the model. A best practice from contractor experience involves the integration of the company representatives into the model implementation team. As an example, when implementing the follow-on production model, the model designers, from the beginning, solicited the participation of key internal representatives. During the development of each module, the team incorporated the inputs of the functional department primarily responsible for executing that portion of the project which the module was designed to estimate. Although the Finance Department led the model building effort, it continuously reviewed its progress with representatives from the Engineering and Manufacturing Departments. These representatives were responsible for coordinating and obtaining any necessary information from their organization, and keeping management informed. Step 8: External Approval Process Although a company may internally approve a model, the customer must also be shown that the estimating approach is valid. The involving of customers in up-front decision facilitates their acceptance of parametric techniques. In seeking acceptance of a proprietary model, the company formed a Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) team [4]. The team’s composition included company representatives from various departments. All team members participated in establishing selection criteria for the model’s database. Based on the selection criteria, the contractor personnel collected actual cost data from many contracts. When using the model for the first time with a buying organization, the CIP team invites the buying organization to the company for a joint review and explanation of the model. Immediately after obtaining funding to develop the model, the developing company discussed it with other contractors, additional government organizations, to ensure widespread support in data collection and model validation. Including customers on the development team does not guarantee a model’s acceptance, of course. It does ensure that the customer has a voice in the model’s design and usage, but the model’s ability to reasonably predict costs is the ultimate basis for acceptance. No person, internal or external to the company, can prove this before final development and testing. Step 9: Model Maintenance Through the development process, the team develops a sense of how often the model needs updating. Maintenance activities include not only the incorporation of new data into the model, but also an evaluation of the mathematical relationships between the technical parameters and the costs the model estimates. Periodic evaluation of the model is required to ensure the estimates are relevant and the contractor is using the most current, accurate, and complete data. New data is contributed as programs mature and, occasionally, from non-company sources. In some situations, the cost modelers develop new CERs, based on a subset of the original database, in order to better match a new estimating requirement. The process of maintaining a model involves keeping an audit trail of the CERs developed, the data points used, and their statistical effectiveness. 3. Conclusions Company-developed parametric models – also known as proprietary models offers an alternative to use a commercial model regarding organization’s own product and cost estimating needs. No company or individual can develop a valid model without the participation of a number of key people which include the customers, all interested company personnel, and government representatives. Some concepts should be considered by all implementation teams as follows: – establish a process flow and target development dates to ensure all team members provide their inputs to the model’s design; – consider the costs and benefits of model development; – evaluate commercial models as an alternative to proprietary development; – remember that the goal is to establish a more efficient and reliable estimating system, not just create a model. References Stuparu D., Vasile T., Stanciu M. The Cost Estimating Relationships (CER’s) – modern method for predicting cost, Revista Academiei Fortelor Terestre, nr. 1/2010. Vasile T., Stuparu D., Daniasa C.I. Collection and Normalization of Parametric Data, Analele Universitatii din Oradea, Tom XVIII, vol. II, 2009, pp. 703-708. Stewart R.D., Wyskida R.M., Johannes J.D. Cost Estimator’s Reference Manual, 2nd Edition, New York, Wiley, 1995, pp. 57-67. * * *http://www.ceh.nasa.gov/webhelpfiles/Cost_Estimating_Handbook_NASA_2004.htm How to cite Critical study of the parametric model development process, Essay examples

Term Of Tourism And Hospitality Management - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Term Of Tourism And Hospitality Management. Answer: Expected areas where customer service is above average The organization achieves customer satisfaction by examining that its services are satisfying their requirements and anticipations and the possibilities to acclaim the organization to others. So, customer satisfaction has become a benchmark to measure the health of the industry. Our Weakness As China is the most valued customer of Australia in terms of tourism and hospitality, the Australian hotels need to upgrade themselves to meet the requirements of the Chinese customers. (Featherstone, 2015).There has been shortage of staff in the organization due to high penalty rates on weekends. Strategies to turn best customer services into competitive advantage and minimizing the limitations According to Dupeyras MacCallum (2013), the main source of revenue is generated by the tourists who stay in our hotel. So, the main focus should be to attract more visitors by providing facilities which match the international bench marks. Another policy to overcome the weakness is to develop resources which represent our culture in a creative form. This will enable the tourists to enjoy their stay in our hotel. Moreover, they would recommend others thereby improving our accreditations. Personal characteristics the organization will seek in staff to deliver customer services at the desired level One of the important aspects of providing good customer service is to maintain an amicable and cooperative atmosphere with the visitors .The staff should have good communication skills. It should ensure that the visitors should not face any inconvenience. Elements the organization will hire such as versus elements as extras and add ons The management aspiring to appoint the personnel for the organization should seek for additional qualifications such knowing various languages and having wide experience in handling international customers. Also, he must have technical knowledge and should be innovative in handling the problems faced by the management in its daily routine. Attributes which helps the sustainable tourism organization to hire the right person for establishment The organization seeks certain characteristics while hiring the employees such as good interpersonal and technical skills .They should be aware of the rules related to safety and hygiene as they serve food and services to people where they spend time. Initiatives which are important for an employee to join the sustainable tourism organization There are certain qualities which are mandatory to get hired in our organization such as the employees should be dedicated towards serving the customers. They should develop good communication skills. It will help in enhancing the relations with the clients. Customer service provisions in travel and tourism organizations to meet the individual needs of different types of customers The company should maintain the provisions to cater to the needs of the specific consumers. Some of them aspire for high standards of service while others want to enjoy the nature and culture of the country. (ACS Distance Education, 2018). Scenario List of Requirements, Licenses, Support Info, Timeframes (Validity or due dates) and Penalties Options Requirements Contact Food Business Notification Form to the Council Establishing a new business Development Council Release sewage Application for approval to release sewage Customers dinning outside Council Sole Trader Australian Business Number For employing workforce Australian Taxation Office, Return to Work SA Revenue SA. Music Music license for APRA/ AMCOS/PPCA Liquor Application for Liquor license to Consumer and Business Services (Department of State Development, 2016). Penalties According to Ali Solaiman (2013), the penalty for breach of the legislations is $ 151.67 per unit. It is indexed yearly, so that it is raised with inflation. Licensing, Legal Requirements and Permits identified for the Food Business There are several legislations applicable to the food business. Some of them are: (a) The regulations related to food industry in Australia are The Food Act 2001, Food Regulations 2002, Food Safety Standards. The laws which govern the food standards relate to the explanation and implementation of the food standards, the hygiene practices and the common requirements and those related to machinery and property. (b) All the new establishments have to inform the Councils Environmental Health Officers about their commercial and communication particulars and register it with Return to Work SA within 14 days .Once it is executed , a confirmation letter and Certificate of Registration ,which prescribes the class and code, the taxes applicable and the premium rate ,will be received . (c) The Australian Taxation Office (ATO), levies penal punishments if proper accounts are not maintained. (d) Several licenses regarding playing of music, liquor and food license are required. Requirements to comply with the Food Act and the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code According to Food Standards (2015), they set the requirements to put the label on the food which is sold either to a caterer or for retail sales. Furthermore, the name of the food and its ingredients are also required to be stated on its label. The suggestions, food manufacturing date, instructions for use and preservation, its components, the permitted level of contaminants used in the food, the edibles requiring pre market clearance and the permitted microbiological limits in the food are the main contents of the regulations. Food Act at state and local levels As per Australian Institute of Food Safety (2016), the establishments should adhere to the state legislations to comply with the requirements of the Food Safety Act. It mentions certain food safety programs, application to the local council and comprehends the food safety laws to ensure the safety and health of the consumers. Procedures and Requirements to extend a Liquor License The licenses are renewed by 31 December of every year regardless of when they are permitted. It can be renewed till 30 June. The owners of the licensed establishment, the mortgagee of the licensed premises and any person who is influenced by the inability of the licensee to pay the renewal fee are some exceptions to this rule. It is applicable only from 1 July to 30 September. After 1 October, the owners have to apply for a new license for supplying liquor. Legislative Requirements for Liquor License For obtaining liquor license, the prior approval by the Consumer and Business Services has to be obtained through an Application for Liquor License (on the establishment). All types of Insurance which the organization will require There are different types of insurances such as Asset and Revenue insurance which covers: Vehicle Insurance Third party Insurance Building Insurance Theft Insurance Stock Insurance Farm Insurance Legal Tax Obligations and Penalties which apply for failing to comply with these Conditions Tax Obligations Wages below $ 50,000 per month The super guarantee paid is 9.5 % of the Ordinary Time Earnings to Australian Taxation Office (ATO). The workers compensation should be % of the salary/ wages. It should be paid to Return to Work SA. Wages above $ 50,000 per month The Payroll Tax registration and workers compensation should be the % of salary/wages. The Payroll Tax registration is computed above the limit. It is paid to Revenue SA. Superannuation guarantee should be 9.5 % of their ordinary time earnings and it is paid to the ATO. Requirements to comply with the National Employment Standards and EEO aspects considered while recruiting staff The NES has prescribed certain rules for the organization such as Maximum weekly hours, Annual leave, Maternity leave, Compassionate leave, Long service leave, Public holidays, termination procedures and Fair work Information Statement. Equal Employment Opportunity and Anti-Discrimination The Australian Human Rights Commission and the Fair Work Ombudsman has provided certain guidelines for the employers and employees on averting discrimination on the work place. So, there are prescribed guidelines such as employing staff fairly, prohibition on discrimination and equal employment opportunities etc. (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2018). WHS requirements for establishment Work Place Health and Safety Standards are guidelines regarding the health, safety and compensation services. Areas requiring the provisions for risk management and identifying the areas which require specialist legal advice. According to Food Standards (2013), Food Standards Australia New Zealand Risk Analysis in Food Regulation (FSANZ) prescribes the Codex risk analysis framework in the context of nutrition which evaluates, manages and exchanges data about the risk to the various stakeholders. The areas requiring legal advice are investigation of the food related public health and safety hazards and continuous vigilance of the food production processes and analyzing the level of hazardous contents such as lead, mercury in it. References ACS Distance Education (2018). Special Interest Tourism. Retrieved from https://www.acsedu.co.uk/Info/Hospitality-and-Tourism/Tourism/Special-Interest-Tourism.aspx Ali, A., N., M., A. Solaiman, S. M. (2013). Food Safety Offenses in New South Wales, Australia: A Critical Appreciation of Their Complexities. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety.13. Australian Institute of Food Safety (2016). Laws Requirements. Retrieved from https://www.foodsafety.com.au/ Australian Trade and Investment Commission (2016). Literature review tourism and hospitality careers international benchmarking. Retrieved from https://www.austrade.gov.au/Australian/Tourism/Policy-and-Strategy/labour-and-skills Department of State Development (2016). A guide to starting a restaurant, caf or take-away. Retrieved from https://statedevelopment.sa.gov.au/upload/small-business/restaurant-catering-guide.pdf. Dupeyras, A. MacCallum , N. (2013). Indicators for measuring competitiveness in tourism: A guidance document. OECD Tourism Papers, 2013/02. OECD Publishing. Fair Work Ombudsman (2018). National Employment Standards. Retrieved from https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards Featherstone, T. (2015). Is Australian tourism in danger of missing a boom. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/small-business/the-venture/is-australian-tourism-in-danger-of-missing-a-boom-20151208-glimeu.html Food Standards (2013). Risk Analysis in Food Regulation. Retrieved from https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/publications/riskanalysisfoodregulation/Documents/risk-analysis-food-regulation-full-pdf.pdf Food Standards (2015). Food Standards Code. Retrieved from https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/Pages/default.aspx